Athens - Politicians from Greece's
extreme-right Golden Dawn party are likely to be voted into the European
Parliament amid high approval ratings despite the jailing of a third of
its leaders.
In Sunday's (18 May) first round of municipal elections, Golden Dawn
candidates fared relatively well in several municipalities. Party
spokesperson Ilias Kasidiaris, who is running for Athens mayor, reached
fourth place in the first round of elections. The second round will take
place next Sunday, the same date as the EU vote.
But the party's consistent appeal at home (two polls give it between
7.5 and 8.5 percent of the EP election vote) is not reflected abroad.
Alliances
None of Europe's popular far-right parties has backed or sought to
make an alliance with Greece's extremists, who are often labelled
"neo-fascists" – something the party denies.
Golden Dawn's salutes, symbols and anthems are similar to those of
the Third Reich and its supporters have violently enforced its
anti-immigrant policies.It has exacerbated racial tensions in Greece, which has seen the
arrival of thousands of EU-bound immigrants from Asia and North Africa,
even as it struggles with massive unemployment and zero growth.
"We have the right to self-determine ourselves, so we are Greek
nationalists," mayor-hopeful Kasidiaris told EUobserver, dismissing
claims about the party's links to Nazism.
When asked to define Nazism, the former special forces commando said
he "didn't know what the term meant" and "didn't understand what they
mean when they call us that – it's an abstruse term".
In the past, party leader Nikos Mihaloliakos has openly praised
Hitler, while Nazi paraphernalia has been found in the houses of senior
officials and lawmakers.
The deadly stabbing of a hip hop artist by a Golden Dawn supporter
last year triggered the arrest of several of the party's lawmakers and
members. They are now facing a series of charges including murder and
extortion.
While many radical right-wing parties across Europe, led by France's
National Front, have indicated they will club together in the next
European Parliament, they are steering clear of Golden Dawn.
Late last year National Front leader Marine Le Pen said Golden Dawn had a "filthy image". In February she
told a Greek journalist that far-right parties "have been very clear about not including" Golden Dawn in their alliance.
But some experts say the gap between them is not that wide.
Vasiliki Georgiadou, a political science professor at Athens Panteion
university, believes the continent's leading far-right parties,
including France's Front National, are not teaming up with Golden Dawn
merely for strategic reasons rather than outright objection to their
policies.
Le Pen has been seeking to get Nigel Farage, leader of Britain's
eurosceptic UKIP, to join up with her in the next EP. But Farage has
rebuffed her on the grounds that her party is "racist". Georgiadou
notes that a National Front alliance with Golden Dawn would only confirm
Farage's criticism.
"Even if [Le Pen's Front National and like-minded parties] share
ideology on anti-Semitism, immigration and Russia – teaming up with them
would be a mistake: This is why it hasn't happened yet and I don't
foresee it happening in the future," said Georgiadou.
Kasidiaris admitted that no European party had aligned itself with
Golden Dawn yet, but remained hopeful alliances would emerge after the
elections.
For his part, Jean-Marie Le Pen, the former leader of the National Front and the father of Marine, in an interview last March
said did not rule out alliances with Golden Dawn after the EU elections.
Fringe allies
But while Golden Dawn might be ignored by the continent's more
influential right-wing politicians, it has maintained plenty of contact
and support among radical fringe parties.
A series of meetings have recently taken place between extreme nationalist parties in various European capitals.
Late last year, Greece's Golden Dawn, Spain's La Falange, Romania's
Noua Dreapta and other like-minded parties held talks in Madrid, where
they also signed a collaboration
pact.
Meetings also took place in Rome, where again Golden Dawn officials
held talks with their Italian counterparts, Forza Nuova, and others,
including Germany's National Democratic Party. Of all these parties,
only Germany's NPD is likely to get a seat in the EP.
In January, Nick Griffin, head of the fascist British National Party (BNP), travelled to Athens to announce his
solidarity with his Greek counterparts.
A month later, officials from Svenskarnas parti, "the Party of the
Swedes", Sweden's nationalist socialists, also travelled to Athens and
participated
in a demonstration with Golden Dawn protesting the imprisonment of its
party leader, Nikos Mihaloliakos. The Swedish party admires Hitler and
its party
programme says genetics should determine Swedish nationality.
In a further indication of the below-the-radar
links
between far-right fringe parties, the Party of the Swedes and the
Nordic Resistance Movement members sent letters to Greek embassies
complaining about Mihaloliakos' arrest.
The Swedish branch of the Nordic Resistance movement also organised a
rally in Stockholm in support of Golden Dawn.
Mihaloliakos later wrote 'thank you'
letters to these Finnish and
Swedish white supremacist movements for their support.
The Nordic organisation is based in Sweden but is also active in Finland, Denmark and Norway.
Golden Dawn's image at home also remains strong.
In a poll conducted shortly after the killing of a hip hop rapper
last year, only 20 percent of the party's voters believed the party had
neo-Nazi leanings.
Kostas Markis, a father of three from Northern Greece who voted for
Golden Dawn, also dismissed these accusations. "The party has nothing to
do with fascism now … it might have originally but it has done a
turnaround in the last years," he said in a telephone interview.
"There's a small number of Golden Dawn members who are Nazis but they
have been supporting the party for a very long time – officials would
be abandoning them if they openly condemned [Hitler] now," he added.
Makris echoes an opinion shared by many Golden Dawn voters. Like many
Greeks, he considers himself a patriot, and feels mainstream political
parties have betrayed him.
Greece's surrender of its sovereignty to its international creditors
has revived the nationalism of many voters who recall that the nation
stood up to the Ottoman empire in the 19th century.
Golden Dawn has played on this patriotism and has seized upon
historical symbols to appeal to citizens disenchanted with traditional
parties. It is also seeking to rid the party of its thuggish
reputation.
As it heads to both the EU vote and the second round of municipal
elections, Golden Dawn is fielding several prestigious candidates
including astrophysicists, academics, doctors and retired military
generals.
But analyst Georgiadou warns that the party has been forced into
survival tactics. "Publicly they may try to show a different face but
their manifesto has not changed – nor has their rhetoric," she noted.
Their texts include economic, social and defence policies while their
ideology is centered on the notion of race and the survival of the
Greek "nation race". "Illegal immigrants" are a threat to the
continuation of the "racial continuation" of Greece, Golden Dawn's
website reads.
Kasidiaris said his party does not intend to change its fundamental beliefs.
"We have a certain political programme [which] draws from our ideas, ideology and we'll take it to the end – we won't change."
Alvise Armellini in Italy, Mikael Brunila in Finland, Ylva Nilsson
in Sweden and Helena Spongenberg in Spain contributed to this report